Academic textbooks are expensive and the cost of textbooks globally has continued to rise alarmingly even as other educational resources have become relatively cheaper. For students, open educational resources should make more sense – certainly financially.
But, globally, the uptake of such resources is low. There are not nearly enough relevant local open-source textbooks in countries like South Africa, where I work at a university. Where they do exist, academics and students barely know about them.
So how do students access the resources they need? We investigated this as part of a larger research project across six countries: Argentina, Brazil, India, Poland, South Africa and the US. How do students access resources like books? Do they consider copyright and what do they think about it? Do they pirate learning materials? How do they make sense of what they do?
This study concentrated on students at one of South Africa’s top research-intensive universities. We compiled a survey that was answered by 1,001 students and conducted six focus groups with students across three professional disciplines. These disciplines were chosen because students were likely to be prescribed textbooks.
What we found
Here are a few key findings from the survey:
It also emerged that accessing learning resources through a variety of sites requires a certain measure of expertise. Students admire their peers who know where to ferret out such resources, and such knowledge is unevenly spread. In this sense the notion of a homogenous student body whose members are all natural “digital natives” is challenged.
Principled pragmatism
Another interesting part of the study was what it revealed about students’ attitudes to their own practices and actions. Many made a joke of their piracy or distanced themselves in an amused fashion by shifting responsibility to others or to the technology itself. For instance, some joked:
It’s Google’s fault.
They also displayed a matter-of-fact pragmatism. For many, it is a matter of principle, with one saying: “Is it unethical to want to be educated or is it unethical to charge so much [for textbooks]?”
Others believe that they are doing the right thing: “… even though in my head I know it’s wrong, it’s just a technical thing. Substantively speaking, it’s the right thing to do,” one explained. Another said: “I am not worried about the consequences of illegal downloading. [I’m] worried about graduating.”
The respondents also made a distinction between downloading textbooks and other media forms, particularly music and books. They consider the educational aspect central and feel the pursuit of education justifies their actions. As one said: “It’s about access to education: it is huge! It’s the future of our country.”
An important distinction was also made between plagiarism and copyright. Plagiarism was considered unethical and risky, while copyright appeared to be less of an issue. Said one student: “Copyright – it does not even seem like an issue any more … I copy everything … But it almost seems like it isn’t copyrighted, it almost seems like it’s free for everyone.”
There was also a glimmer of an alternative perspective. Some students acknowledged the existence and value of open, free content, but did not know where to access it. They also said more of it is needed.
A grey zone
These quotes are just a taster. The students’ voices are articulate on matters of principle, plagiarism, piracy and access to textbooks and other academic resources. They raise critical issues for new models of publishing, for digital literacies and for open scholarship.
Through the literature review and the findings of this study, it is clear that there is a grey zone in the access of learning and academic resources that is now simply part of normal life in a new communication and information order.
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The full paper, “Student Practices in Copyright Culture: Accessing Learning Resources” is in press in Learning Media and Technology and is now online here. The manuscript is also available. This article was adapted from a post on the author’s personal blog.
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The resources you need to create great curriculum-aligned lessonsF-3 resourcesMy Summer Daze! Freebie Reading and Writing for Summer Holidays for Grade 1
A summer daze! So excited to share this freebie with you all, I used it in our summer (australian summer) to develop students' reading and writing skills over the break. This will be perfect for back to school as well!
Would love to see your
Character Traits Bundle
Want a fun and interactive way for your kiddos to learn about character traits? This fairy tale theme bundle pack includes numerous activities for your kiddos to cement their understanding about character traits. Plenty of resources to choose from to keep your students actively engaged.
Please note that some of the character trait activities included in this kit looks at the character as a whole, which consists of both physical and personal qualities of a character. This bundle pack is perfect to use when undertaking units of fairy tales, descriptive writing, or character studies. The activities can be incorporated into your literacy centers, Daily 5, morning work, assessment or early finisher activities. To look at what each product entails, simple click on the products below to see the product description.
Label the five senses
Label the five senses on a boy and girl.
Students can then colour their picture.
Energy Science Experiments
Are you teaching a unit of work on Energy or Energy transfer? This is the perfect set of experiments for you! You may choose to do activities one by one (taking 9 lessons) or as small group activities to take one session as children rotate around activities.
Included in this booklet are 9 Science Experiments to be used as rotations or separate activities in your classroom. Experiments are based on Energy and include the following topics; - Static Electricity - Parachutes - Sound Energy - Toys with Springs, Push and Pull levers - Gravity - Light - Magnets - Wind Energy and an outline for making a windmill Also included is a comprehensive guide including material list so you can pick up this activity, find the materials (nothing you can't buy at the local store), copy off and laminate the task cards, then you are all set to go!
Free Dinosaur themed writing pack
Great looking writing pack for younger writers themed around dinosaurs. Includes the following
Narrative planning graphic organizer Story Structure tool Essay planner and a variety of themed writing paper
Understanding Symmetry
Very simple symmetry activity for early years. Children are required to colour a butterfly so it is symmetrical and then to circle two out of three shapes that are symmetrical also. I have done this with my 3-4 yr old Kindergarten class and it has been very effective!
BACK TO SCHOOL CLASS DECOR {MEGA BUNDLE}
Decorate your classroom with this mega kids and ice-cream chevron class décor bundle. The cool soothing colours and cute kids clipart will build classroom community and create a classroom environment that is pleasant and not overly stimulating. This mega bundle comprises of 14 complete individual products totaling 554 pages.
✓ 24 CLASSROOM JOBS AND NAME LABELS (EDITABLE) ✓ 15 CLASSROOM RULES (EDITABLE) ✓ 38 LABELS/ DESK NAME PLATES (EDITABLE) ✓ 8 BEHAVIOUR MANAGEMENT CLIP CHART ✓ 220 DOLCH WORD WALL {HIGH-FREQUENCY WORDS) – PRE-PRIMER TO GRADE 3 ✓ 26 LETTERS OF THE ALPHABET ✓ 36 SCHEDULE CARDS {EDITABLE} ✓ NUMBERS 1 TO 20 ✓ COLOURS ✓ BIRTHDAY PACK {DATES, CROWNS, AWARDS, BANNER} ✓ CALENDAR AND WEATHER DISPLAY ✓ 21 CENTRE SIGNS AND LABELS {EDITABLE} ✓ 9 DISMISSAL CHART (EDITABLE) ✓ 42 SCHOOL SUPPLY LABELS ✓ 2D AND 3D SHAPES
Letter Cards for Jolly Phonics 42 Sounds Print Fon
Many teachers send home flashcards for parents to help students learn their sounds at home. Frequently these get left at home or at school. These cards can be attached to a back pack on a ring or string so they do not get left behind or lost.
Color the Alphabet | Coloring book for kids and adults | Printable PDF coloring pages A-Z
Color the Alphabet is an A-Z Coloring Book for kids and grown-ups that includes all 26 letters of the alphabet in detailed coloring pages.
It contains 40 pages of unique artwork: 26 full size coloring pages, each containing a single letter from A-Z 26 half size designs over 13 coloring pages. Each page includes 2 designs with a letter each from A-Z. All but a few designs are different to the full size designs. 1 bonus coloring page with a mix of letters hidden in the design. PRODUCT DETAILS: Number of Pages: 40 Difficulty Level: Intermediate File Format: PDF booklet saved in a .zip folder Page Dimensions: 8.5 x 11″ (Letter)
Primary resourcesFRACTIONS BUNDLE - 3 Workbooks to Year 4 Level + Games + Answers + Screeners for differentiation
This bundle contains screeners to identify ability groups and skill deficits for differentiation up to Year 4 Level. The Workbooks provide concept development and consolidation for individuals/small groups or whole class. The games are ideal to consolidate fraction concepts and can mixed/matched to target specific skill deficits. Games provide the fun and repetition that some student need to gain mastery.
Python Programming Cheatsheet
This handout summarises all the key programming concepts in the Python 3 programming language. It is useful for students who are learning to code, or to have on hand when they are revising their skills.
Sentence Level Posters and Displays
These are great to display around the classroom as a constant reminder.
Key Signature Charts
Each key signature is on an A4 page in colour. It shows the key signature with colour coded sharps and flats and the major and related key. Makes for a great display!
Informative Text - Working with Explanations - Years 3-6
SMART Notebook must be installed to use this resource.
This unit of work contains a 50 page interactive SMART Notebook comprised of activities for technical language, adverbial phrases of time, connectives and conjunctions. Modelled, guided and independent lessons for gathering information, planning and writing are also included. Working with flowcharts and life cycles (visual literacy) as part of the planning and writing process is a key part of the unit. Blank templates can be found at the end of the SMART Notebook to use with topics of your choosing. 13 pages of detailed teacher notes and 12 worksheets have also been included to help you make best use of the resource. Thank you for shopping with Learning Interactive. Terms of Use: This product is for individual use only. Purchasing and downloading this products entitles you to ONE single user license for use in your own classroom or on your personal computer. You are not permitted to share, transfer, reproduce or sublicense this product to any other party. To purchase multiple or school licenses, contact Learning Interactive to arrange - [email protected]
Jesus - Puzzles and Games
Students of all ages can use puzzles and games to study Jesus. Puzzles and games build confidence, encourage collaboration and competition, develop problem-solving skills and challenge students to gain and apply new knowledge. And they are fun to play.
This activity bundle contains the following puzzles and games: * dictionary race game * criss-cross word puzzle on Jesus in the gospels * true, twist and totally fake game template * New Testament word game board and ten word games described * a simulation game on New Testament groups * a template for creating new board games * a jigsaw puzzle template
SPECIAL EDUCATION x5 worksheets - LEAVE IT TO ME - independent thinking, processing, linking skills
LEAVE IT TO ME is a collection of FIVE free worksheets that can be used at any time with SEN students and are perfect as stand alone lessons or to complement existing programmes. This bundle of worksheets has FIVE quick and focused lessons that make students think about themselves, work independently and use literacy, numeracy, thinking and decision making skills. The worksheet bundle is filled with active learning tasks with excellent visual layout for supporting all types of SEN learners. Perfect as stand alone lessons or to complement existing programmes and can be delivered by any staff.
Worksheets included are: I Am What I Eat, I Like It Like This, Days & Months, Clean Me & Mine, If I Could .. Other worksheet bundles are: WORK IT OUT (x10 worksheets - Birthday Bingo, Sports Scramble, Sum It Up, Take It Away, Signs & Symbols, Mood Board, Count Me In, Making Music, Reading Recipes, Fitness Log) LINK ME (x10 worksheets - Sensational Smoothies, Talk It Up, Travel It, Family Ties, ICE - In Case of Emergencies, It's All News, Colour Me Purple, Map It. Walk It., A Special Day, Techno Guru) OUTSIDE THE BOX (x5 free worksheets - Hunt For It, Virtual Reality, Design & Model It, Experiment It, 101 Ways With ..)
Secondary resourcesMulticulturalism in Australia Resource Bundle
What does vegetable soup and fruit salad have to do with multiculturalism in Australia? Students will answer this question and more in this HistoriCool resource bundle!
Use the Multiculturalism in Australia Resource Bundle to engage your students in a wider study of Australian immigration, multiculturalism and the White Australia Policy. Australian Curriculum Links: ACHASSK109, ACHASSK135, ACHASSK136 This resource is delivered as a 11 page PDF in A4 size. So, what's included? ✓ 700-word engaging and entertaining article entitled The Menu of Multiculturalism targeted at 11-15 year-old readers. ✓ Glossary of unfamiliar terms found in the above article to build understanding and vocabulary. ✓ Pre- & Post-Reading Quiz for analysing prior knowledge and reading comprehension (answers included). ✓ Understanding the Text Tri-Level Question Guide asks students 'Does the text say this? Does the text suggest this? Do you agree with this statement regarding the text? ✓ Discussion Questions to get students thinking about the White Australia Policy, its purpose and its repercussions. ✓ Immigration Sequencing Activity for ordering Australia's immigration history (answers included). ✓ Events in Immigration Worksheet to get in depth about one factor of Australia's cultural past. ✓ A list of other teaching ideas for utilising The Menu of Multiculturalism in your classroom. Purchase Issue 09 of HistoriCool Magazine in print or digital format to use this resource alongside the coinciding mag: www.historicool.com.au
Chemistry: pH calculations of strong acids and bases
This resource consists of 2 worksheets: 25 calculation problems (and worked answers) involving aspects of acid base chemistry and some general pH calculation notes, which initially cover simple calculations. .
The first half of each work sheet covers pH calculations in both acid and base conditions and calculation of H+ and OH- ion concentrations.
The 2nd side of the worksheets focus on pH calculations involving partial neutralisation reactions where the student has to work out what species is in excess before calculating the pH. Some problems also involve the use of n=m/M equation.
These problems would suit students doing IGCSE, year 11 chemistry or wanting to enter the National chemistry Olympiad competition.
ps (June 2018) I have updated this resource and changed a problem that potentially is misleading.)
Political Cartooning Resources
Explore a range of political cartooning resources from the Museum of Australian Democracy. These resources assist students to understand more about political cartooning. All resources link to Australian Curriculum areas, including HASS, Civics and Citizenship, History, English, Visual arts or Media arts.
Explore more here: https://moadoph.gov.au/learning/resources/political-cartooning/
Introduction to Science – Worksheets & Activities [BUNDLE]
Year 7 Science (Australian Curriculum)
Worksheets & Activities [BUNDLE] Save 30% off individual prices Topics: * Laboratory Equipment & Scientific Diagrams * The Bunsen Burner * The Scientific Method * Technology and the Advancement of Science * Practical Reports * Branches of Science Resources: * Worksheets (×4) * Activities (×2) * Topic Summaries (×5) * Study Checklists (×5) Compare bundles: http://www.goodscienceworksheets.com/PDFs/7au-intro-to-science-bundles.pdf
HEALTHY MEAL CHOICES JOURNAL/FOLIO
Background knowledge and understanding of adolescent nutritional requirements. A Design Brief Task, including Analyses and Evaluation, Designing and Producing.
A3 Place mat Year 6-7 & Problem Solving
This is a document which you can edit (we do problem solving & LAF (Learning Assessment Framework) and it is used as a resource by our students to write up their reports. It's got problem solving strategies on one side and on the other strategies for addition, subtraction, halving and doubling, an explanation of factors, multiples, odds and evens, equivalent fractions, buddy numbers (eg6+4= 10) and units of time.
Please review it so others can see what you think :) C
Ikan & Kucing - Pergi Untuk Makanan - Lesson 2 of 2
Lesson 2 of 2 for Ikan & Kucing - Pergi Untuk Makanan.
LOTE: Indonesian - Suitable for secondary college / advanced level. I have used this with a Year 10/VCE class. Enjoy!
Financial Maths jigsaw
Financial Maths jigsaw and answer sheet. Can be used as a review at the end of the lesson or as a homework activity.
An alternative task can be prepared by copying the answer sheet onto different coloured sheets of paper (enough for half your class) and laminating them. Cut out all the squares from each sheet and place into a small resealable plastic bag. You would then have a class activity for pairs of students that could be reused many times. (Australian Curriculum) NSW MA4-6NA solves financial problems involving purchasing goods
Senior secondary resourcesGraphic Organisers - all topics and subjects
Use this set of graphic organisers to help build upon a student’s visual map! Help students make connection in learning - all topics areas.
This resource includes: • Concept map, Practicums organisers (science specific) • Word concept map (English/ LOTE specific) • Fishbone diagram (including cause and effect), Venn diagram (2 and 3 circle compare and contrast), topic mind map and topic organiser, PMI, sequence chain, compare and contrast, compare and contrast essay organiser, event 5W and H mind map (all subjects) Graphic organisers are fantastic for supporting students with their learning and understanding of a topic of work. This set of graphic organisers can be applied across the curriculum and will enhance the understanding of subject content with your students. Use these graphic organisers: • at the beginning of a unit of work (ascertain prior knowledge), • when introducing a new topic in a unit, • for group activities, • as lesson starters/ plenary, • set as homework or revision or • as scaffolding for students starting their assessment piece. Graphic organisers are all in black and white for ease of printing, nearly all have multiple versions and come with AU/NZ/UK spelling or US spelling. This resource has been thoroughly designed so no extra prep or specialised ability is needed and can easily be used in other lessons you may have already planned. This lesson should be accessible to Years 4-12/ KS2 - KS3 students. Please rate if you enjoyed! Click on my display name to see my other excellent resources including my FREE and other cross curricular literacy and reflection resources.
Y11 vocabulary sheets
Vocab sheets on the topic of Unit 1 - My daily routine (That's Life)
Student Resources Home
Australian Identity - The Bushman Stereotype - PPT, Activities, Posters
A comprehensive bundle of teaching materials and learning activities - created for a year 11 OP English classroom in Australia.
The lesson includes: - an engaging PowerPoint about the bushman stereotype with explicit lesson objectives - an extended writing task that asks students to respond to a given topic - a poetry analysis task: 'The Ballad of the Drover' and 'The Never Never Land' - two posters to display in your classroom that draw quotes from Banjo Paterson's 'Clancy of the Overflow' and Henry Lawson's 'The Drover's Wife'
Genetics Problems PowerPoint
This PowerPoint activity is suitable for revision at the end of a senior genetics topic, or individual questions could be used during teaching of subtopics.
It has questions on: Pedigree charts Monohybrid inheritance Dihybrid inheritance Mutations ABO blood groups (co-dominance) Incomplete dominance Sex-linkage Cross over frequencies
Regina Zielinski - An Australian Holocaust Survivor
This Powerpoint presentation is designed to support the History Australian National Curriculum Stage 5 Depth Study 6: School Developed Topic - The Holocaust. I have deleted the embedded videos but you can easily insert these from YouTube and/or Vebo. The activities are designed for a regular class but you can modify the activities for Gifted and Talented and the range of special education learners including students with Emotional Disorders.
Baroque Music features and activities
A complete lesson or revision tool for any study of Baroque Music. The 2 activities reinforce learning the music features and provide score reading extracts/listening for students to identify the features.
Suits GSCE, HSC Music Musicology courses. Set as a homework task or leave as a lesson when you are unable to be in class. Teachers may continue to use the summary page and choose various extra listening examples for listening practise and to focus on: Baroque Period use of the concepts of music: – duration – pitch – dynamics and expressive techniques – tone colour – texture – structure. NESA Australian Professional Standards for Teachers Know students and how they learn: 1.5.2 Develop teaching activities that incorporate differentiated strategies to meet the specific learning needs of students across the full range of abilities 2.1.2 Apply knowledge of the content and teaching strategies to develop engaging teaching activities Know the content and how to teach it 2.2.2 Organise the content into coherent, well-sequenced learning and teaching programs
Writing scientific reports
This power point goes through each aspect of a scientific report and examples of how to write each of these aspects.
Into Graphics - Composition
In this unit we explore composition and balance in images.
To do this we investigate: • what is good composition in an image • the techniques used to achieve effective composition • visual weight • forms of balance: symmetric, asymmetrical, radial and mosaic • forms of symmetry: reflective, rotational, and translational • photographic balance: color, tonal and conceptual balance • the rule of thirds • improving balance using cropping in Photoshop. The concepts introduced will be for photographs, but they apply equally to any other visual medium – from painting to web pages.
Topographic Map Skills
A set of photocopiable masters that takes students through the basic skills involved in reading topographic maps including:
1. Introduction and marginal information 2. Symbols and colours 3. Map direction and bearings 4. Height and slope 5. Landforms 6. Area reference and grid reference 7. Scale 8. Measuring distance 9. Measuring area 10. Constructing cross-sections 11. Gradient
The bundle also includes a series of ten graded topographic maps and exercises which increase in level of difficulty as students progress through them. Answers are provided for all ten of the topographic map exercises.
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